Soon, it's time for the national colleges and universities to make their funds public in 2022. This year, the first place is still Tsinghua University , with a budget of 36.2 billion yuan , leaving the second place with 10 billion yuan. You know, Tsinghua's budget last year was 31.7 billion yuan. The increase of 4.5 billion yuan alone is equivalent to the annual budget of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications and other colleges and Universities
The second place is not Peking University, but Zhejiang University , with an annual budget of 26.1 billion yuan.
In contrast, the budget of Peking University has also decreased by 200 million yuan this year
Overall, there are 20 universities with a total budget of over 10 billion in 2022, of which the University of science and technology of China and Xiamen University are two new "players".
The budget of the "seven sons of national defense" has also increased a lot.
In addition, the performance of local colleges and universities is eye-catching. For example, the budget of Shenzhen University is 8 billion (the budget of the headquarters is 5.6 billion). In the budget ranking of more than 700 colleges and universities in China, it ranks in the top 30 in one fell swoop and is very eye-catching among a group of 985 / 211 universities.
Source planet data school
Therefore, how do the budget funds of major colleges and universities come from? What are the reasons for the budget differences between different colleges and universities? Where will the money go?
Tsinghua adds another 4.5 billion
On the whole, the construction of "double first-class" colleges and universities has an absolute advantage. The funds of science and engineering colleges and universities are more than those of liberal arts, but most of them have increased.
The top five are: Tsinghua University (36.211 billion yuan), Zhejiang University (26.103 billion yuan), Peking University (21.929 billion yuan), Shanghai Jiaotong University (20.42 billion yuan), Sun Yat sen University (19.305 billion yuan), plus Fudan University of 17.155 billion yuan. These six universities have dominated the list for three consecutive years.
Generally speaking, in addition to financial allocation , college funds also include career income and other income .
Business income: refers to the income obtained by colleges and universities from teaching, scientific research and auxiliary activities. It also includes income from education and income from scientific research .
Education includes tuition fees, accommodation fees, entrusted training fees, examination fees, training fees and other income from education, including academic education and non academic education.
The income from scientific research includes the income obtained by undertaking scientific research projects, carrying out scientific research cooperation and scientific and technological consultation.
Other income: including investment income, donation income, rental income, interest income from bank deposits, cash inventory income, etc.
Taking Tsinghua University with a total budget of 31.7 billion yuan last year and an additional 4.5 billion yuan this year as an example, its budget departments include not only Tsinghua university level, but also Tsinghua University Affiliated Middle School, Tsinghua University Affiliated Primary School, Beijing Huaxin hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Tsinghua University), Tsinghua University Yuquan hospital (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Tsinghua University) and Beijing Tsinghua Jiehua kindergarten.
Tsinghua University spent 36.2 billion yuan this year, of which 5.7 billion came from general public budget allocations (that is, financial allocations, 1.36 billion more than last year) and 600 million from government funds* 13.7 billion comes from business income * (an increase of 1.07 billion over last year); 6 billion came from other income (an increase of 270 million over last year).
It can be seen from the financial allocation that does not account for the most.
And generally speaking, the allocation allocated to colleges and universities at the same level is generally not much different. For example, the general public budget allocation income of Zhejiang University this year is 4.159 billion yuan and that of Peking University is about 5.171 billion yuan.
The difference between the income of and other businesses is the real income of .
For example, the business income of Zhejiang University this year is about 9.150 billion yuan, and that of Peking University this year is about 7.122 billion yuan, 4.6 billion yuan and 6.6 billion yuan less than that of Tsinghua University respectively.
(the difference is almost catching up with / has caught up with their one-year financial allocation.)
Back to the annual revenue budget of Tsinghua University, the above items add up to about 25.5 billion, where does the remaining 10 billion come from**
The answer is carry forward from last year .
And the use of non-financial allocation balances (5.988 million yuan) that are basically negligible in comparison.
(balance of non-financial appropriations refers to the funds that use the balance of non-financial appropriations accumulated in previous years to make up the gap between revenue and expenditure in this year)
According to the above table, Tsinghua University has a balance of 10.6 billion in 2021, second only to the largest business income; Tsinghua's total expenditure last year was 31.7 billion, equivalent to nearly one-third of the huge amount has not been spent.
Is that reasonable?
In fact, this is mainly the impact of unfinished scientific research projects .
Generally speaking, the time limit for the completion of basic theoretical research is 3-5 years, and the time limit for the completion of applied countermeasure research is 2-3 years. Therefore, it is difficult to settle this part of expenditure in the current year. In addition to Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University also carried forward about 10.089 billion yuan last year and Peking University carried forward 5.628 billion yuan.
So where does Tsinghua University intend to spend this 36.2 billion?
In this table, we focus on the expenditure. We can see that it is divided into nine items. The largest is education expenditure , which is a full 25 billion , accounting for 70% of the total expenditure , and an increase of about 4 billion yuan compared with last year.
Excluding the 7.38 billion carried forward to the next year, the expenditure on health care (1.7 billion), science and Technology (860 million), social security and employment (650 million), housing security (470 million) and industrial information expenditure on resource exploration (110 million) are in the next row.
Specifically, the major expenditures are divided into primary education, high school education, higher education (accounting for 85% of the education expenditure), education expenditure for studying abroad in China, teacher training, institutional operation, laboratories and related facilities, high-tech research, scientific and technological talent team construction, fuel treatment fund, provident fund, house purchase subsidy, lottery public welfare fund and other large and small projects.
PS. an interesting algorithm. If you don't look at the purpose of these budgets and share them equally among each school teacher and student + student, how much can you get per capita?
Well, Tsinghua University, with 63773 teachers and students, has an average of about 567800 yuan per person, still ranks first .
Why have these college budgets changed so much
Although the budget of Tsinghua University seems to have increased a lot, in fact, in terms of growth rate, there is little fluctuation——
According to the statistics of the planet data school, the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the budget of Tsinghua University is about 8% *.
In contrast, the compound annual growth rate of budgets of several universities has exceeded 30% , such as Harbin University of technology, Yunnan University, Nanchang University, etc.
What are the characteristics of these colleges and universities with fast budget growth?
On the one hand, there are many colleges and universities directly under the Ministry of industry and information technology , that is, from the "seven sons of national defense".
For example, the budget of Harbin Engineering University has increased from 3.47 billion in 2021 to 5.49 billion this year, with a compound annual growth rate of close to 58% ;
Harbin Institute of technology, the university with the highest budget among the "seven sons of national defense", increased from 10.8 billion in 2021 to 14.42 billion this year; The compound annual growth rate of Nanjing University of technology is 29.8%
It is worth mentioning that the funding of beipost, other than the "seven sons of national defense", has also increased in the past two years, from 2.92 billion in 2020 to 4.51 billion this year.
On the other hand, among colleges and universities with remarkable budget growth, there are many provincial colleges and universities , that is, local colleges and universities.
For example, the budget of Nanchang University in Jiangxi Province increased from 2.28 billion in 2020 to 4.11 billion this year, with a compound annual growth rate of 34.4% ; The compound annual growth rate of Yunnan University has reached 66.2% *.
In addition, Shanghai University (35.5%) and Hainan University (43.8%) are also local universities.
There are two main reasons for the increase in the budget of colleges and Universities Affiliated to these places.
One of the reasons is that there is strong support from local governments, such as Nanchang University.
This year, the financial allocation of Nanchang University reached 1.428 billion, an increase of more than 200 million over the previous year.
Meanwhile, unlike Tsinghua University's annual "savings" of tens of billions and tens of billions, Nanchang University has a balance of 390 million in 2020, but the budget of 2021 is not carried forward to the next year:
This means that the expenditure of Nanchang University has increased a lot in the past two years, most of which is in the public expenditure (expenditure on goods and services and capital expenditure), which has increased by hundreds of millions.
Specifically, public expenditure mainly refers to the expenses incurred by the school in carrying out normal education and teaching, scientific research activities and maintaining the normal operation of the whole school.
The second reason is also related to changes in departments, that is, new subsidiaries.
For example, Yunnan University has added a new Affiliated Hospital (the former Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province), and the budget of this hospital will also be included in the budget of the University.
Since the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University reported a budget of 1.67 billion yuan at the beginning of the year in 2021, the budget of Yunnan University has also increased a lot.
In addition to these two points, reasons such as the expansion of enrollment scale will also lead to the increase of the total budget.
On the whole, the budget of local colleges and universities this year exceeds 3 billion yuan mark, which is mainly distributed in economically developed areas such as Guangdong, Jiangsu and Shanghai, such as Shanghai University, Shenzhen University, Guangzhou University, Suzhou University, etc.
Among them, the budget of Shenzhen University headquarters has reached 5.6 billion yuan , which can be said to be the top 1 in the budget of local colleges and universities.
But, there are increases and decreases. Indeed, many colleges and universities' budgets have declined this year, but most of them are about 2%.
For special cases, such as Beijing Film Academy and Beijing University of information technology, the annual compound growth rate decreased by more than 30%.
However, if you look closely, both schools are related to new campus infrastructure .
Beijing University of information technology has built a new campus in 2021, which also leads to the lack of financial allocation related to new infrastructure projects by about 200 million yuan in 2022; In addition, there was a decrease of 500 million yuan, which came from the reduction of capital construction project funds carried forward and the project expenditure of career development planning adjustment.
The Beijing Film Academy also started to use Huairou campus in 2021, which reduced the construction funds; In addition, the new campus uses more funds, resulting in less balance (saved money) in 2021.
So it seems that the budget changes of colleges and universities actually have to be analyzed in detail.
One More Thing
It is worth mentioning that the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which is not a University (a comprehensive national scientific research institution), is not on the list this time.
However, from the perspective of budget, the budget of CAS has also increased rapidly in recent years, reaching 162.131 billion yuan this year. Compared with 100.47 billion yuan in 2021, the budget has increased by more than 60 billion :
At the same time, the budget of the University of science and technology of China under the Chinese Academy of Sciences has also increased a lot in recent years.
Specifically, the budget of China University of science and technology has increased from 7.25 billion in 2020 to 13.38 billion this year, with a compound annual growth rate of 35.9%.
Of course, the funds are not given in vain. In fact, in the funds given by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to the University of science and technology and the National University of science and technology, the "basic scientific research business fee of Central Universities" is with KPI .
The total fund is 169 million yuan, but there are strict performance indicators corresponding to it, such as more than 100 excellent papers and more than 50 scientific research projects.
Therefore, if you work hard at writing a paper, you may be able to help your school get more budget funds (manual dog head).