2022 is the great year of China's space flight, the decisive year for the completion of the construction of China's space station, and also coincides with the 30th anniversary of the implementation of China's manned space project. It is of great significance. At 10:44 a.m. tomorrow (June 5), the Shenzhou 14 manned spacecraft will carry three astronauts to the Tiangong space station again.
At the press conference on the Shenzhou 14 manned mission held at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center this morning, linxiqiang, spokesman for China's manned space project and deputy director of China's manned space engineering office, introduced that the mission headquarters decided to launch the Shenzhou 14 manned spacecraft at 10:44 Beijing time on June 5. The flight crew was composed of astronauts Chen Dong, Liu Yang and caixuzhe , Chen Dong served as commander, and they were all the second batch of astronauts. Among them, Chen Dong participated in Shenzhou 11 manned flight mission, Liu Yang participated in Shenzhou 9 manned flight mission, and caixuzhe was the first flight.
On April 16, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and ye Guangfu, the three astronauts of Shenzhou 13, returned safely. One and a half months later, Shenzhou 14 will set off again.
According to the press conference, during the in orbit stay, the three astronauts of the Shenzhou 14 crew will welcome the visit and docking of the two experimental modules of the space station, the Tianzhou 5 cargo spacecraft and the Shenzhou 15 manned spacecraft, and carry out in orbit rotation with the Shenzhou 15 crew , and return to the Dongfeng landing site in December.
This means that from tomorrow, the Chinese space station will always be manned by astronauts. It will not be unattended for more than a month between Shenzhou 13 and Shenzhou 14
The Shenzhou 13 crew flew in orbit for 183 days, setting a record for the longest continuous in orbit flight time of Chinese astronauts. The successful Shenzhou 13 mission marked the perfect conclusion of the verification stage of key technologies of the space station.
On April 17, the day after the successful return of the Shenzhou 13 crew, a press conference on the construction progress of the Chinese space station was held in the press release Hall of the Information Office of the State Council. HaoChun, director of the China Manned Space Engineering Office, introduced that according to the task arrangement, we will complete the on orbit construction of the Chinese space station in 2022, with a total of six planned missions. these six missions are the launch of the Tianzhou 4 cargo spacecraft in May; In June, the Shenzhou 14 manned spacecraft was launched. The Shenzhou 14 manned spacecraft crew is also composed of three astronauts. They will also stay in orbit for six months; In July, the space station's sky test module was launched, and in October, the space station's dreamsky test module was launched, completing the on orbit construction of the Chinese space station After that, Tianzhou 5 cargo spacecraft and Shenzhou 15 manned spacecraft will be launched
Among them, the Shenzhou 15 manned spacecraft flight crew is also composed of three astronauts, who have also been selected and are currently carrying out mission training. These three astronauts will work and live in orbit for 6 months after completing the rotation with the Shenzhou 14 astronauts (it is reported that the six astronauts will live and work together for 5-10 days)**
Shenzhou 14 bears great responsibility
The construction of the Chinese space station is divided into two stages: key technology verification and construction, and six missions are planned respectively. Among them, the main task goal of the key technology verification stage is to comprehensively break through and master the key technologies related to the construction and operation of the space station. Since 2020, it has successfully carried out the first flight of the long march 5B carrier rocket, the space station Tianhe core module, the Shenzhou 12 and Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft, the Tianzhou 2 and Tianzhou 3 cargo spacecraft. All of them have achieved complete success, successfully completed the mission objectives in the key technology verification phase, and laid a solid foundation for the mission implementation in the construction phase of the space station.
According to Xinhua news agency, at the press conference on the Shenzhou 14 manned mission today, linxiqiang, spokesman for China's manned space program and deputy director of the China Manned Space Program Office, said that during the Shenzhou 14 mission, the Tiangong space station with the basic configuration of the Tianhe core module, the sky inquiry experimental module and the dreamsky experimental module will be fully completed, and the national space laboratory will be built** Among them, the sky asking experimental module is mainly for space life science research, and the dreamsky experimental module is mainly for microgravity science research.
It is reported that as the national space laboratory, 25 scientific experiment cabinets can be deployed in the Chinese space station module. Each cabinet is a small space laboratory, which can support the development of single discipline or interdisciplinary space science experiments, reaching the international advanced level as a whole.
The sky inquiry experimental module is equipped with the same living facilities for astronauts as the core module, including three sleeping areas, one health area and kitchen, which can ensure the life of astronauts. It can also support the life of six astronauts during the rotation of two manned spacecraft together with the core module
Linxiqiang said that the sky inquiry experimental module is mainly oriented to space life science research. It is equipped with experimental cabinets such as life ecology, biotechnology and variable gravity science. It can support the research on the growth, development, genetics, aging and other response mechanisms of various plants, animals and microorganisms under space conditions, as well as the experimental research on closed ecosystems. It also supports the research on molecular, biological and biological mechanisms through a variety of online detection means such as visible light, fluorescence and microscopic imaging The multi-level biological experimental research on cells, tissues and organs also supports the comparative study of biological growth mechanism under different gravity conditions.
The dreamsky experimental module is mainly oriented to microgravity scientific research. It is equipped with multi-disciplinary experimental cabinets for fluid physics, material science, combustion science, basic physics and aerospace technology tests, and supports the research on the essential laws of substances such as multiphase flow and phase change heat transfer, basic combustion process, material solidification mechanism under the cover of gravity, as well as cutting-edge experimental research such as ultra cold atomic physics.
At the same time, on the basis of tiangong-2 space cold atomic clock, the world's first set of space cold atomic clock group composed of hydrogen clock, rubidium clock and optical clock will be established to form a time-frequency system with the highest frequency stability and accuracy in space, and carry out frontier scientific research such as gravitational redshift and fine structure constant measurement.
In addition, a material exposure test device and a general test device for components and assemblies are arranged outside the cabin to carry out the extravehicular test projects. Subsequently, it will launch the research facilities of the space Survey Telescope, which will co orbit with the space station, and carry out wide area sky survey observation. The space Survey Telescope is one of the important components of China's Tiangong space station. It will also be China's first large-scale astronomical telescope set up in extraterrestrial space, with a field of view 300 times that of the Hubble telescope.
Relying on the above-mentioned in cabin scientific experiment cabinet, out of cabin test device and sky survey space telescope, nearly 100 experimental research projects were arranged in the construction stage of the space station.
After the space station is put into normal operation, it will also carry out large-scale scientific research, which is expected to effectively promote the breakthrough of major frontier scientific issues such as dark matter and dark energy, galaxy formation and evolution, the law of matter essence, the nature of life phenomena and the response and change law of human beings in space, as well as the sustainable development of the earth, so as to provide profound scientific and technological accumulation for China's manned space exploration near and far away in the future
At the press conference on April 17, Yang Hong, an academician of the Chinese Academy of engineering, chief designer of the space station system of the Chinese manned space project, and a researcher of the Chinese Academy of space technology, disclosed that the development of the sky asking experimental module and the dreamsky experimental module on the ground was progressing smoothly.
Among them, Wentian experimental module has completed the integrated assembly, test and large-scale test of the whole module in Tianjin, and is ready to go; At present, Mengtian experimental module has completed the corresponding integrated assembly and test work in Tianjin, and is carrying out ground test. In the future, it will complete the whole module thermal test, regression test and other tests, and is progressing as planned.
Why are these three astronauts
Astronauts of Shenzhou 14 manned mission, from left: caixuzhe, Chen Dong, Liu Yang
At 11:00 a.m. on June 4, Shenzhou 14 manned mission astronauts Chen Dong, Liu Yang and caixuzhe met with media reporters at Wentian Pavilion, which was the first appearance of the Shenzhou 14 flight crew.
Take a look at their resumes first:
*Chen Dong *, male, Han nationality, native place: Zhengzhou, Henan, born in Luoyang, Henan, CPC member, master's degree. He was born in December, 1978, joined the army in August, 1997, and joined the Communist Party of China in April, 1999. He is now a first-class astronaut of the Chinese people's Liberation Army astronaut brigade and a senior colonel. He was once the captain of a flight brigade of a certain air force division and regiment, and was rated as a first-class pilot of the air force. In may2010, he was selected as the second batch of astronauts in China. In October, 2016, he carried out the Shenzhou 11 manned mission. In December of the same year, he was awarded the honorary title of "heroic astronaut" by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council and the Central Military Commission, and won the "class III space Merit Medal". After comprehensive evaluation, he was selected into the Shenzhou 14 manned flight mission crew and served as the commander.
*Liu Yang *, female, Han nationality, native place: Linzhou, Henan, born in Zhengzhou, Henan, CPC member, doctor's degree. He was born in October, 1978, joined the army in August, 1997, and joined the Communist Party of China in May, 2001. He is now a super astronaut of the astronaut brigade of the Chinese people's Liberation Army and a senior colonel. He used to be the vice captain of a flight brigade of a certain air force division and regiment, and was rated as a class II pilot of the air force. In may2010, he was selected as the second batch of astronauts in China. In june2012, he carried out the Shenzhou 9 manned mission. In October of the same year, he was awarded the honorary title of "heroic astronaut" by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council and the Central Military Commission, and won the "class III space Merit Medal". After comprehensive evaluation, he was selected into the Shenzhou 14 manned flight mission crew.
*Caixuzhe *, male, Han nationality, native place: Shenzhou, Hebei, CPC member, master's degree. He was born in may1976, joined the army in September 1995, and joined the Communist Party of China in May1998. He is now a second-class astronaut of the Chinese people's Liberation Army astronaut brigade and a senior colonel. He used to be the vice captain of a flight brigade of a regiment in a training base of the air force, and was rated as a first-class pilot of the air force. In may2010, he was selected as the second batch of astronauts in China. After comprehensive evaluation, he was selected into the Shenzhou 14 manned flight mission crew.
As China's first female astronaut, Liu Yang stayed in space with Shenzhou 9 for 13 days. At today's media meeting, Liu Yang said affectionately that on June 28, 2012, Shenzhou 9 spacecraft will be separated from Tiangong 1 target aircraft and return to earth. Before returning to the spaceship, she turned around and saluted Tiangong-1, silently telling herself: "in the near future, I will definitely come back!" Now her wish has come true.
The three astronauts this time are of the same age. They are all after 75. The selection continued the principles of overall planning of the astronaut system, matching the old with the new, inheritance and development.
Huangweifen, chief designer of the astronaut system of China's manned space program, said in an interview with CCTV: "On the one hand, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of each mission, the matching of each person's characteristics with the mission, as well as their psychological compatibility with each other, flight experience, age and other factors, and finally determine comprehensively. Because Chen Dong also flew the Shenzhou 11 mission, they flew for 33 days. We think it is still a long time, and then we also have the experience of combined flight. Liu Yang also has the experience of combined flight After the test, we believe that the three astronauts are in their prime of life and are the most suitable candidates to carry out the mission of God 14. "
It is reported that as the first manned space mission in the construction phase of the space station, is of great significance as a connecting link between the preceding and the following. The three astronauts will face the most complex and arduous task in the on orbit construction of the Chinese space station** The Shenzhou 14 crew will stay in orbit for six months. After nine combinations, five rendezvous and docking, three separation and evacuation, two cabin transpositions, and cooperating with the ground to complete the assembly, construction and testing of the space station.
Therefore, the requirements for astronauts are also very strict, especially in a very meticulous manner, which is what Chen Dong, Liu Yang and caixuzhe have in common.
According to huangweifen, Chen Dong, as commander-in-chief, is always very confident, and then he acts with great determination and meticulousness. He often puts forward his own opinions and suggestions in training and experiments. He is one of those people with strong opinions; Liu Yang is a very friendly person, very simple, and has a strong ability of communication and language expression, which is a very prominent feature of her; Caixuzhe is very smart and has a strong ability to learn and comprehend. He also accepts new things and new knowledge quickly.
"All three of them are people who are good at learning and thinking." Huangweifen said.
She also revealed that Shenzhou 14 will create many firsts - the first time it has stationed in two experimental modules, the first time we have conducted space teaching in the sky asking module, the first time we will complete the assembly and construction of the third module, and the first time we will use the combined arms of the airlock module, small mechanical arm and large and small mechanical arm to carry out the extravehicular activities.
This has also brought challenges to astronauts. Huangweifen said, "with the completion of the space station, the combination becomes more and more complex, and the probability of problems increases. Through the study of the fault plan, the training and exercise of practical operation, and then the strengthened training of the fault handling ability in the aspect of emergency faults, he can handle these emergency conditions calmly and effectively once they occur."
There are more than 10 hours left. Let's lock at 10:44 on June 5.
I wish Shenzhou 14 a successful launch!