On May 9, the reporter learned from the Institute of Crop Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences that Mr. Zhuang Qiaosheng, one of the main founders of the discipline of Wheat Genetics and breeding in China, a famous Wheat Genetics and breeding scientist, an ally of the China Democratic League, a senior academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a member of the seventh CPPCC National Committee and a researcher of the Institute of Crop Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, died in Beijing at 16:32 on May 8 at the age of 105.
Science and Technology Daily reporter Ma Aiping
Zhuang Qiaosheng has been engaged in Wheat Genetics and breeding research all his life and led the Wheat Genetics and breeding team of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which has made great contributions to the development of China's wheat production and laid the foundation for the later establishment of the National Wheat Improvement Center. He has successively presided over the breeding of four batches of more than 20 new winter wheat varieties with high yield, disease resistance and early maturity represented by Huabei 187, Beijing 8, Beijing 10, Fengkang 2 and Fengkang 8. In recent 20 years, he has guided the breeding of 10 high-quality new varieties such as Zhongmai 175 and Zhongmai 895. He has played a leading role in solving the problems of wheat rust and lodging in the 1960s and 1980s, with a total promotion of about 400 million mu.
Beijing No. 8 is one of the main varieties planted in the North China Plain from the late 1960s to the mid 1970s, with an annual maximum planting area of about 20 million mu; Beijing No. 10 has been widely planted in Shanxi and Hebei, with an annual maximum area of about 10 million mu. Fengkang series varieties with high yield, lodging resistance and resistance to three diseases represented by Fengkang 8 were widely popularized in the northern winter wheat area for more than 10 years in the 1980s, with an annual planting area of more than 10 million mu, accounting for about 40% of the wheat area in the area at that time.
Zhuang Qiaosheng improved breeding methods and made important contributions to promoting the application of new technologies in breeding. He put forward some unique practices in breeding technology and methods. He is one of the few breeders who advocated the use of triple crossing and compound hybridization earlier in China. Be good at "teaching students according to their aptitude" to select parents and deal with hybrid offspring according to local conditions. For the first time in China, F2 derivation system method is adopted to simplify the operation procedure and measure the yield in advance, so as to provide a basis for selecting strains in the later stage. He was the first to study the bread baking quality of Chinese wheat varieties and put forward some quantitative indexes that are of guiding value for quality breeding. It plays a leading role in promoting the application of quantitative genetics and computer in crop breeding and the mechanization of field experiment.
Zhuang Qiaosheng co edited (Translated) 14 monographs, including plant breeding (Translated), Chinese wheat cultivation, Chinese wheat varieties and their genealogy, Chinese wheat science, and introduction to genetic genetics (Translated). The "Tibet agricultural investigation report" he participated in the finalization is the first historical document on the development of agricultural and animal husbandry resources and yield increasing technology in Tibet. "Chinese wheat science" is a monograph integrating the new progress of wheat science and technology at home and abroad. It is an important symbol of the development of Crop Science in China. At the beginning of the 21st century, on the basis of "Chinese wheat varieties and their pedigrees", he presided over the compilation of "Chinese wheat variety improvement and pedigree analysis", which left a historical record for the process of wheat breeding practice, technical achievements and production development from the founding of new China to the end of the last century, and attached the brief situation of wheat improvement in the first half of the 20th century, which is still rare at home and abroad.
Zhuang Qiaosheng pays great attention to and supports the growth of young and middle-aged scientific and technological personnel. He often encourages young and middle-aged scientific and technological personnel around him to strengthen their cultivation in Chinese and foreign languages, form the habit of reading literature and improve their professional level. He is eager to help young people revise manuscripts. All manuscripts reviewed by him must be carefully worded to make them accurate, concise and persuasive. On this basis, with the support of 16 units across the country, the Institute of Crop Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences established the "Zhuang Qiaosheng wheat Award Fund" in 2005, which aims to reward young and middle-aged scientific and technological personnel who have made outstanding contributions to the research field related to wheat breeding at the grass-roots level. Since 2007, 28 people have been rewarded, It has promoted the development of Wheat Genetics and breeding in China. Since 1995, he has devoted more energy to supporting the development of wheat breeding team. Under his guidance, the team has made remarkable achievements in wheat quality research and the exploration and application of molecular markers, the introduction and utilization of foreign germplasm and the research of adult plant resistance technology, and the breeding of new varieties with high yield and quality, which has been highly praised by peers at home and abroad.
Colleagues from the Institute of Crop Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences deeply cherish his memory: "Mr. Zhuang Qiaosheng's life is a life of unremitting struggle for the cause of agricultural science and technology in China. His death has made us lose a good teacher and colleague, which is a great loss in the field of Agricultural Science in China. His outstanding achievements and noble character will be recorded in history forever! We should learn from his noble morality and fine style, turn grief into strength, carry forward his spirit of dedicating himself to science and serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and focus on" four aspects "and" two aspects " Forge ahead in the construction of "first-class" and achieve excellent results. "
Biography of Zhuang Qiaosheng:
Zhuang Qiaosheng was born in the Southwest Mountainous countryside of Minhou County, Fujian Province on August 5, 1916. He was admitted to the Agricultural College of Nanjing private Jinling University in January 1935 and graduated from the Department of agronomy of Chengdu Jinling university with a bachelor's degree in February 1939. In March 1939, he worked at the Guizhou workstation of the Central Agricultural Experimental Institute and was in charge of the regional test of wheat varieties. In August 1940, he returned to the Department of agronomy of Chengdu Jinling University as a teaching assistant. In January 1943, he worked in Hubei agricultural improvement Institute as a technician and head of Jingbei farm. In October 1944, he worked as a technician in the wheat and coarse grain Department of the Central Agricultural Experimental Institute. In July 1945, he studied in the United States and successively studied wheat quality identification technology at Kansas State College, Cornell University and Ohio Federal Laboratory. In October 1946, he served as the technical director and director of the wheat research office at the Beiping agricultural Laboratory of the Central Agricultural Experimental Institute, and presided over the work of the wheat breeding research group. In February 1949, after the peaceful liberation of Beiping, Beiping agricultural laboratory was renamed North China Institute of Agricultural Sciences. He served as a researcher and director of the Department of crops in the Institute. In July 1957, North China Institute of Agricultural Sciences was expanded into the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. He served as a researcher and director of the office of the Institute of crop breeding and cultivation of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and continued to carry out wheat breeding research until he retired in July 2018. In January 1971, he was transferred with the Institute to the crop institute of Beijing Academy of agricultural and Forestry Sciences. In June 1978, he returned to the Institute of crop breeding and cultivation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (merged and renamed the Institute of Crop Sciences in 2003). He was once the deputy director of the Institute and was elected as an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences in November 1991.