At about 12:46 on May 4, a set of automatic meteorological observation station weighing up to 50kg was successfully erected at 8830m above sea level on the north slope of Mount Everest (hereinafter referred to as "Mount Everest"), and the real-time data was returned to normal This is the highest automatic meteorological observation station in the world. It has set a new record for the erection height of China's automatic meteorological observation station (the original record was 8300 meters, which was erected on the north slope of Everest on April 20). The measured data obtained fill the gap in the meteorological record of Everest's high altitude. At the same time, it also means that China's Everest gradient meteorological observation system has been preliminarily completed.
On May 4, the scientific research team set up an automatic weather station. Xinhua News Agency map
The second comprehensive scientific investigation and Research on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which has lasted for five years, started the "peak mission 2022 - comprehensive scientific investigation and research in the extremely high altitude area of Mount Everest" this year. The Everest expedition was jointly conducted by the second Qinghai Tibet expedition team and the Tibetan mountaineering team, with the participation of more than 270 scientific expedition team members from 16 scientific expedition teams from five scientific expedition teams. It mainly focuses on the synergy of westerly monsoon, the change of Asian water tower, ecosystem and biodiversity, the change of human activities, geodynamic survey, etc. it is the second Qinghai Tibet expedition with the widest subject coverage since its launch in 2017 It is a comprehensive scientific examination with the most team members and the most advanced instruments and equipment.
The "westerly monsoon synergy and influence unit", composed of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences and the Meteorological Bureau of the Tibet Autonomous Region, uses the radio sounding system to detect the changes of temperature, humidity and air pressure from the ground to an altitude of 20000 meters at the base camp of Everest, and uses the lidar to monitor the wind direction and wind speed from the ground to the height of Everest peak in real time, The microwave radiometer is used to measure the atmospheric vertical temperature and humidity profiles from the ground to 10000 meters high, so as to provide real-time data and accurate weather forecasts for different heights from Everest area and base camp to Everest peak.
On May 4, the scientific research team set up an automatic weather station. Photo by special correspondent of Xinhua News Agency sorandoji
Since last year, Everest scientific research experts and scientific research team members have overcome many difficulties and successively built and operated seven sets of automatic meteorological observation stations on the north slope of Everest at an altitude of 5200-8300 meters. These meteorological stations are distributed in steps, which can accurately measure the temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, solar radiation and other data on the north slope of Everest. Through the collected meteorological data, we can further study the change characteristics of meteorological elements at high altitude, which is of great significance to the monitoring of glacier and snow change at high altitude.
In addition to setting up an automatic meteorological observation station at an altitude of 8830 meters, the expedition team also used high-precision radar to measure the thickness of ice and snow on the top of the earth for the first time; Try to break the world record of atmospheric observation altitude of floating craft; Tracking the transportation of air pollution at very high altitude and the adaptability of scientific researchers at high altitude.
On May 2, the staff of the scientific research meteorological support team installed equipment. Map provided by China Meteorological Administration
The Qinghai Tibet Plateau is the "roof of the world", "water tower of Asia" and "the third pole of the earth". It is an important ecological security barrier and strategic resource reserve base in China. From the perspective of climate, the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is a giant regulator of monsoon and westerly wind, which has an important impact on global climate change. With global warming, the higher the altitude, the greater the temperature rise in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The scientific research will reveal the law of environmental change in the extremely high altitude area of Everest under the background of climate warming, the variation characteristics of greenhouse gas concentration, the carbon sink function of ecosystem and the adaptation characteristics of human beings to extreme environment, so as to serve the construction of ecological civilization, the third polar environmental protection and green development of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
In order to ensure the smooth completion of various scientific research tasks on Everest, including the construction of the station, and the safe climbing of personnel, the Qinghai Tibet Plateau Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, the Meteorological Bureau of the Tibet Autonomous Region and other units work together to carry out meteorological support. Up to now, the support team has provided 9 special forecasts for the scientific research team.
Author: Cui Xingyi, Liu Qian source: Guangming Daily